stomach cramps

Stomach cramps are discomfort that is felt in the stomach, which can be caused by various factors such as consumption of unsuitable foods, bacteria or infections, digestive disorders, or other health problems. Most people experience occasional stomach cramps and are nothing to worry about if they are occasional and don't last long.

However, if stomach cramps occur frequently or last a long time, they could be a sign of a more serious problem and need to be examined by a doctor. If accompanied by other symptoms such as fever, severe diarrhea, repeated vomiting, or blood in the stool, consult a doctor immediately for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Here are some tips that can help relieve stomach cramps:

Drink enough water to keep the body hydrated.
Avoid foods that may make symptoms worse, such as spicy or fatty foods.
Eat in small portions and often to reduce the burden on the stomach.
Avoid alcoholic beverages and caffeine which can irritate the digestive tract.
Eat foods rich in fiber, such as vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, to facilitate digestion.
Avoid stress and try relaxation techniques like meditation or yoga.
Keep food clean and avoid raw or undercooked foods that can cause food poisoning.
In addition, if you have a history of diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome or other digestive diseases, consult your doctor to get the right treatment.

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RABIES MEDICAL CLINIC SEMINYAK

RABIES MEDICAL SERVICE SEMINYAK

What is rabies?
Rabies is a deadly disease caused by a virus that is spread in the saliva of infected animals. All mammals can get rabies. People usually get rabies from licks, bites, or scratches from infected dogs and other mammals
Rabies affects the central nervous system, ultimately causing brain disease and death. Once symptoms of rabies appear, the disease is nearly always fatal, so prevention is especially important.

Who is at risk?
Travelers who may come into contact with wild or domestic animals are at risk for rabies. This includes travelers spending a lot of time outdoors and long-term travelers and expatriates.
In Africa, Asia, and Central and South America, rabies in dogs is still a problem, and access to preventive treatment may be hard. In Bali, Human and animal rabies cases have been confirmed near popular tourist destinations throughout the island. Efforts, including vaccinating dogs for rabies, have been made to control the outbreak. These efforts appear to be helping to manage the outbreak on the island.
What can travelers do to prevent rabies?
Avoid animal bites:
Avoid touching all animals, including wild animals and pets. Pets in other countries may not be vaccinated against rabies.
Supervise children closely, especially around dogs, cats, and wildlife such as monkeys.
If you are traveling with your pet, supervise your pet closely and do not allow it to play with local animals, including local pets and especially avoid stray animals.
Avoid bringing animals home. Dogs and cats may be infected with rabies but not show signs until several days or months after you first encounter them.
Get a rabies vaccine, if recommended:
Who should get rabies vaccine and when?
Preventive vaccination (no exposure)
The vaccine should also be considered for international travelers who are likely to come in contact with animals in parts of the world where rabies is common.
The pre-exposure schedule for rabies vaccination is 3 doses, given at the following times:
Dose 1: As appropriate
Dose 2: 7 days after Dose 1
Dose 3: 21 days or 28 days after Dose 1
Vaccination after an exposure
Anyone who has been bitten by an animal, or who otherwise may have been exposed to rabies, should clean the wound and see a doctor immediately. The doctor will determine if they need to be vaccinated.
A person who is exposed and has never been vaccinated against rabies should get 4 doses of rabies vaccine one dose right away, and additional doses on the 3rd, 7th, and 14th days. They should also get another shot called Rabies Immune Globulin at the same time as the first dose.
ACT QUICKLY IF ANIMAL BITES OR SCRATCHES YOU !

Immedietly, Wash the wound well with soap and clear tap water directly
ASAP, see a health care provider right away even if you don’t feel sick or wound doesnt look serious
To prevent rabies, you need to have wound toilet properly at medical service center and may need to start a series of vaccinations immedietely

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Reference
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/diseases/rabies

Klik untuk mengakses rabies.pdf

Travel Vaccines for Bali – What vaccines do I need for Bali?


https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices/watch/rabies-bali-indonesia2008

BALI BELLY-MEDICAL SERVICE SEMINYAK

What is Bali Belly?

Many people who travel from developed to developing countries experiemce diarrhea. This illnes can occur at any time during the trip, or oven after the person gets home. It is ussually a self-limiting condition that clears up after a few days. This symptom usually occur together with vomiting,before or after diarrhea. It is often caused by eating contaminated food or water. The micro-organisms that trigger the illnes may appear to be harmless to the local population, presumably because local people have acquired immunity to them.

 

In medical term, this issue is referred to as Acute Gastroenteritis. However there are several other names beside Acute Gastroenteritis which include Montezuma’s revenge, Bali Belly and Rangoon runs. Due to this article discusses about Bali Belly, we will use the term “Bali Belly” in the entire contents of this article. In Dr.’s clinic Adi & associates Bali Belly is one of the main complaints that bring people to come for medical help.

 

The risk of Bali Belly is higer where sanitation and hygine standards are poor, such as in the developing nations of Latin America, Africa, the Middle East and Asia particulary. Bali Belly is more common in young adults than older adults, probably because younger people tend to choose more adventurous destination or styles of travel, like backpacking. The initial symptoms if this situation include:

  1. Abdominal bloating, cramps and pain
  2. Neusea or vomiting
  3. Urgency to go to the toilet
  4. Loose, watery stools (feces or poo) passed frequently (with or without blood)
  5. Mild high temperature (sub-fever)
  6. General malaise (weakness or discomfort)

The main micro-organisms that can cause Bali Belly drom more frequent are:

  1. Bacteria (Escherichia coli), primarily enterotoxigenic strains (ETEC)
  2. Parasites
  3. Virus
  4. Unknown cause.

As the previous explanation, the cintamination risk foods caused by foor sanitation and hygine should be avoided by trevelers such as:

  1. Raw, rare or under-cooked meats of any kind
  2. Sauces and mayonnaise
  3. Spicy food
  4. Unpasteurised dairy foods, including milk
  5. Unboiled or tap water
  6. Food from street vendors, etc

Besides diarrhea and vomiting as the main issues complaint by the patients,dehydration status is also needed to figure it out. According to the prior explanation, there are some advice that we can share if you have this issue while enjoying leisure time in Bali:

  1. First, as long as there is no vomiting yet, you should drink a lot of water from bottle only. Ideally if you have some hydration sachets/tablets add them to your water to prevent you to dehydration and electolyte imbalance. Dose of water and electrolyte you need is actually depends on your body wight, but commonly 2 L minimum.
  2. If you have someone and there is no imvropement yet in 1×24 hours, ask hem to go to the doctor, private clinic,or hospital nearby for the comprehensive management. This is due to Bali Bally not just only about stomach infaction, but also impair your hemodynamic status gradually (dehydration state)
  3. If you come to see doctor, they ussualy give you some medical advises regarding with this situation. They are included with giving an intravenous infution (in moderate-severe dehidration), anti-vomiting and cramping drugs administration into vein, as well as several oral tablets as primary medication for diarrhea and vomiting (include antibiotic and electrolyte replacement therapy).

After the medication consumption, you can have anything at all but make sure this is plain meatless food and should not spicy as that will only upset your stomach again. In addition, please keep away from tea, coffee, soda/coke, and alcohol for a while. Less solid food, like porridge and chiken soul, is recommended in this circumstances for medication, the symptoms usually relieve in 1-2 days, but take 3-4 days for full recover. Do not wait until this issues getting worse, please come to the doctor for appopriate treatments.

 

RISK FOR TRAVELER’S DIARRHEA ON SELECTED FOODS AND BAVERAGES

OFTEN SAFE: PROBABLY SAFE: FREQUENTLY UNSAFE
FOOD:

· Piping hot

· Peeled fruit

· Processed/packaged

· Cooked vegetables (saved steaming hot)

BAVERAGES:

· Irradiated milk

· Boiled milk

· Iodized water

· Carbonat

 FOOD:

· Dry

· Jelly/syrup

· Washed vegetables

BAVERAGES:

· FRESH CITRUS JUICES

· PACKEGED ICE

· BOTTLE WATER

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 FOOD:

· Cold salads/desserts

· Hamburgers

· Hot sausages (served at room temperature)

· Unpeeled fruits

· Fresh cheese

BAVERAGES:

· Tap water

· Uncarbonated, bottlled fruits juices

· Chepped ice

· Alcohol and chipped ice

· Unpastirized milk/butter

 

 

 

 

 

AGUNG VOLCANO-PUBLIC HEALTH

Mount erupted is an event that occurs due to sediment of magma in the bowels of the earth that is driven out by a gas that is high pressure. Magma is a fluid contained in a layer of earth with a very high temperature, which is estimated at more than 1,000 ° C.


Mount Agung last erupted in 1963, after sleeping for 120 years. At that time, as many as 1,600 people were killed and 86,000 others had lost their homes. Eruption at that time began on 19 to 26 February 1963. Volcanic ash and a number of small stones peppered Besakih tample located on the slopes of Mount Agung. Hot clouds and lava flows also accompany the eruption.

Volcanic ash, often referred to as volcanic sand or pyroclastic fall is a volcanic material falling into the air during an eruption, consisting of large to medium-sized rocks. Large rocks (pebbles) usually fall around the crater to a radius of 5 – 7 km from the crater, and the finer ones can fall at distances of hundreds of miles and even thousands of miles from the crater as they may be affected by wind gusts. Smooth ash can cause pneumonia if inhaled.

Some of the symptoms that can arise after inhaling volcanic ash include:
Respiratory irritation, sputum secretion rises, irritation and inflammation of the throat, dry cough, chest pain and difficulty breathing, and symptoms of asthma, eye irritation (reddened eyes)eyes feel itchy and sore, tears come out continuously, abrasion of the cornea of the eye due to scratches of volcanic ash, so the eye becomes sore

Health Hazard by Volcanic Ash
To prevent the adverse health effects caused by volcanic materials, especially volcanic ash and dust, use a mask or cloth to cover the mouth and nose. This is done as a step to minimize exposure to dust and volcanic ash in the respiratory tract. Especially for those who have a history of respiratory disorders such as asthma or lung disease, the use of a mask is highly preferred, and immediately secure yourself to a place quite spared from exposure to volcanic materials. Children and the elderly should also be prioritized to use a safety mask.
In addition, use glasses to protect the eyes to avoid irritation and impaired vision. Using a closed suit (trousers and shirt covering the whole arm) is also advised to prevent skin disorders that can be caused by dust and volcanic ash.

Good mask when the mountain erupts
Health experts advise people in areas affected by ash to wear masks when outdoors. The recommended mask is the N 95 or P2 category because it prevents materials that are less than 10 microns to 0.3 millimeters of particle. Volcanic ash has a size less than 5 microns are very vulnerable to enter the lower respiratory tract like to the lungs.

 

Keep in mind today that is often used by the community is a surgical mask is light green is a medical mask that is often used by doctors during surgery. This mask is the easiest to get and with cheap price. Actually dust can still enter through the gaps of the mask because the material is not too thick.
If the emergency does not have both types of masks then the easy way you can use a damp cloth then cultivated can cover the nose and mouth. With the wet conditions will help capture the small particles.

Dr. Adi and Associates